Archive for the ‘seasons’ Category

Is Your Garden Ready for a Freeze?

Friday, November 13th, 2009

The cold wind blowing and the churning furnace pouring out warm air woke me early this November morning. Rain is hammering out of the sky, blown in circles by heavy winds near the planet surface driving it noisily into window panes.

Frozen Branches

Frozen Branches

And, weather reporters are warning snow may follow the morning downpours. Although I doubt we’ll see snow in the city, these reports — coupled with the ice we’re seeing on early-morning windshields — reminds me to get a few last minute freeze-proofing chores done this morning.

Hopefully, these tips will help you get ready as well. Who knows? Now that I said I doubt it will snow, it probably will send down a few flurries around town just to prove me wrong. (more…)

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Why I’m Happy When My Katsura Turns Brown

Wednesday, October 7th, 2009

This morning, looking out the kitchen window at a stunning pink sunrise, my eye was torn between the beauty of said sunrise and the flashing brilliance of my sunshine-yellow Katsura. It reminded me to share this post again, singing the praises of this beautiful and surprisingly fragrant tree, the Katsura.

If you’re interested in adding a Katsura to your garden, keep in mind that they do need supplemental water in the summer, particularly in their early years. They’ll stand up to hot, full sun locations. But, also remember, this is not a small tree. They get big! Often I see them planted in parking strips, too close together, or under power lines. Unfortunately, what may appear to be a small, delicate tree will evolve into a giant in no time. Give these beauties room to stretch out and really show their stuff. (Note: there are cultivars that form wide, but weeping canopies. These won’t get as tall as the species, but they aren’t tiny either.)

The following is from an original post dated October 16, 2008:

Katsura showing Yellow Fall Color

Katsura Yellowing in October

Those of you familiar with the Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) already know the answer, but until you know this tree’s autumn secret you’re bound to love it anyway. Katsura trees have ruffled heart shape leaves, diverse form, and furrowed grey bark. Their fall color may range from clear yellow to deeper tones of yellow and orange. If you’re really lucky it may even have a strawberry pink tone. But this tree’s most fantastic aspect happens when the leaves finally detatch from the stem and fall to the ground.  Sure, you’re then looking at bare stems for winter and brown piles of leaves to rake up. But did you notice the fragrance of burnt sugar or cotton candy wafting in the air?

The Katsura tree’s final farewell to summer comes in doses of country fair or candy factory fragrance. The brown leaves on the ground, mingling with moist fall soil, fills the air with a spectacular, surprising, sugary treat that I have yet to find in another tree. As much as I adore the astringent scent of rosemary, the dusty aroma of sage and the peanut-buttery goodness of a glorybower, there’s nothing that makes my nose happier than the brown, crunchy leaves from my Katsura.

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Caring for Ornamental Grasses in Seattle

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2009
'The Blues' Schizachyrium with Lambs Ear

'The Blues' Schizachyrium with Lambs Ear

Autumn is probably my favorite time of year to really enjoy ornamental grasses. And, by grasses I don’t mean lawn. I do mean ornamental grasses and grass-like plants such as sedges and rushes. Plants like blood grass are brilliant red and showy at this time. Seed heads on Miscanthus are shining and flowing in the breeze (and frost). Little tufts on bunny grasses hop along at the edges of borders. And, hairy carex shimmers, promising interest into the winter ahead.

Well, it promises interest if cared for properly. Too often, all ornamental grasses are treated the same by unknowning humans with scissoring tools in hand. This can cause permanent damage. So to help you wade your way through your grasses, here are some general guidelines. Of course, in each genus there may be exceptions to the rule, but these tips should help you avoid the big mistakes.

  • True Grasses:
    Miscanthus Seed Head Adorned with First Snow

    Miscanthus Seed Head Adorned with First Snow

    True grasses have “elbows” or “joints” where the leaves run down the stems to the ground. They may be clumpers or spreaders, and they do well when cut down at the end of the season. What you define as “the end of the season” is your call. If you enjoy looking at seed heads swaying in the autumn sunlight, then you might wait until after a frost or until mid-winter to cut the plants down. If you are concerned about the plants spreading in the garden after forming and spreading their seed all winter, then you might cut them down earlier.  Grasses like blood grass are easy to snip at individually to remove. Clumps of bunny grass are tight and with a sheet underneath are easy to shear and then pluck out brown old growth. Tall grasses like Miscanthus are best bundled tightly with string and then cut a few inches above the ground but below the tie. This way the bundle comes away in one bunch. Take care, these plants may have sharp edges.

  • Sedges: Sedges have edges and no elbows. They are often mop-like and spreading. Generally, their seed heads aren’t showy.
    Carex testacea intermingling with Euphorbia

    Carex testacea intermingling with Euphorbia

    They do not take kindly to being cut hard. Some will die back for winter. Most ornamental Carex, however, is an evergreen plant that should be combed and very lightly trimmed once or twice a year. I tend to comb mine out in mid-summer and again in fall or winter. After I comb out all the dead and stringy growth and remove any dead clumps, I then bundle the plant in my hands and trim off the dead ends, which should be around 2″ or so of the very tips. Its like giving the plant a little bob haircut. If the plant has been neglected for a long time, the center may be dieing out. In these cases, I dig out the plant to divide it and reinvigorate growth.

  • Rushes: Honestly, I don’t do much with rushes. If they have dead growth, I remove those shoots to the ground. That’s about it.
Carex flagellifera with Lambs Ear

Carex flagellifera with Lambs Ear

This is basic primer barely skims the surface of ornamental grass care. There are many, many more grasses to choose from and care for. Some are weedier than others. Some are sharper and harder to care for than others. And, many are just plain wonderful and not to be missed for their fantastic, unique forms, textures and colors they add to to the garden.  If you aren’t sure which kind of grass plant you have or if you have one that isn’t specifically mentioned here, get in touch for a coaching session for hands on plant care training and identification sessions. Or consider picking up a copy of one of my favorite grass books such as Grasses:Versatile Partners for Uncommon Garden Design or The Color Encyclopedia of Ornamental Grasses.

(This topic was originally published in October 2008 and updated in September 2009.)

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How To Help Your Garden Beat the Heat

Monday, July 27th, 2009

It’s been hot. Or at least, it’s been hot for Seattle. Remember, we rarely have a long stretch of 80F, let alone the 90F we’ve had lately. Plus, our sunlight hours are long, so the heat really builds up. This leaves me melty and often cranky. It also means I spend some extra time watching my garden for signs of stress and seeking opportunities to keep everything growing happily.

Hot Sunny Seattle Patio & Garden

Hot Sunny Seattle Patio & Garden

When the heat flares up, here are a few helpful hints to keep your garden from completely crashing for the season:

  • Regular & Mid-day watering: Yes, I said it! I don’t encourage you to take up a program of watering any and every garden item mid-day, but if you’re growing cool season edibles like lettuce or if your hydrangeas are crashing in the heat, hitting the leaf surfaces briefly with some cool water mid-day can help reduce crashing and ward off notorious heat-bolting in lettuces. Other than that, keep sticking your finger in the soil to see if your plants need a long, deep soak. I prefer to give these, as needed, in the very early morning.
  • Powdery mildew: Last week this nasty sign of stress began showing up in my own garden as well as many clients’ gardens. Powdery mildew really is a sign of stress. It can happen from too much water, from too little water, from significant day-to-night temperature fluctuations, and from a number of other stressful issues. I have a pretty high tolerance for the stuff on my ornamentals, but when it goes after my edibles, I go after it with a vengeance. Mix up a gallon spray bottle with about a teaspoon of baking soda and a few drops of liquid soap. Spray all surfaces of your infected plant to drench. The soda will burst the mildew spores and the soap will help it stick. (Note: try spraying a few leaves before doing the entire plant; some plants are sensitive to soda. Also, use a phosphate-free soap. Multiple applications may be necessary, and if the mildew has really taken hold, you may be unable to win back your plant. If the mildew starts winning the battle, best to remove your infected plant to keep it from spreading the mildew to other similar plants.)
  • Water features: In the heat, algae can grow like mad in water features. I dismantle mine, as needed, to wash off the algae growths. Too, check them regularly to be sure there’s enough water in them. If you’re running a small, recirculating system, some water is lost to evaporation and to thirsty birds.
  • Harvest those crops: Get out early in the morning and do a daily harvest. Likely, your edibles are really rolling in. Keep harvesting regularly or your crops may stop producing. Harvesting in the morning allows you to cool down your crops before you eat them later in the day; this way you can crisp your lettuce  instead of having a harvest-wilted salad. (caveat: there’s nothing like a warm tomato fresh off the vine!)
  • Under cover: Sometimes there’s nothing more to do for your garden than contrive some shade for touchy plants. In a year when our rains continue later than they did this year, my astilbe (for instance) happily plugs through the sunny days of late summer. In years like this, it is already drying and crisping up. Simply putting up a patio umbrella to protect it from reflected heat can make all the difference.
  • Watering, one more note: When I was in first grade, I entered a contest to draw the best poster illustrating water conservation. I was a hippie kid in the 70s and had some pretty cool ideas including using rain barrels. During the summer, rain barrels are usually long-emptied; there’s nothing falling from the sky (in Seattle) to fill them during our summer drought months. As my contest poster suggested, consider keeping a bucket in your tub. As you heat water to fill the tub or start your shower, catch the water as you wait. If you can’t use it immediately to pour onto a thirsty plant, dump it in your rain barrel to use later. You might be surprised how much water you’ve been wasting down the drain and how quickly you’re able to refill your rain barrels even in mid-summer. Plus, if you’re as heat-exhausted as I’ve been lately, you’re probably taking more than one shower a day this week just to survive.

As I sit here in my west-facing office on the north side of the house, I’m beginning to overheat myself. We have close to 5 more hours of sunlight ahead, 4 of which will be pounding on my office window. After I post this, I’ll be seeking shade and maybe a bit of water for myself.  I wonder where I put my foot tub? Mixing some fresh peppermint in some ice water and dunking my feet in it sounds perfect right about now.

Stay cool folks!

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A Few Random Thoughts from a Busy Garden Coach as we Approach Summer Solstice

Sunday, June 14th, 2009

I haven’t been writing nearly as much as I do during the colder, dormant season. It’s much more fun, and profitable, for me to spend time in the garden rather than writing about the garden. Yet, as I’m looking down the barrel of summer solstice, I want to share a few quick gardening tips that may prove helpful. Solstice marks the time when days following, sadly, start to become shorter. Plants are greatly in tune with this, and your work, based on timing,  can make a huge difference in your gardening successes (and failures):

  • Pinching perennials: Not only will deadheading help extend your flowering season for most perennials, but if you tip back (aka a pinch-to-a-node) late flowering types (Mums, especially) with alternating cuts, you can create bushier plants with more blooms that are less likely to flop over when they get top-heavy with blossoms. But, stop tipping around solstice or you may not get any blooms at all.  If you’re dealing with plants that you don’t want to bloom, like basil, keep on pinchin’!
  • Pruning: Don’t prune plants that bloomed in late winter/early spring or you risk cutting off next winter’s blooms. If you haven’t sheared your hedges, which is best done in late winter/early spring, you’re running out of time. If you shear too late, you risk looking at choppy cuts all winter or forcing soft growth that gets killed in early frosts.
  • Big Harvest in June for the Foodbank

    Big Harvest in June for the Foodbank

    Seeding and Planting: You still have time to seed many hot season crops, but again, your time is running out. Get those last rounds of tomatoes, basil, peppers, squashes and beans in the ground now to extend your harvest period. Plus, now’s the time to start seeding those fall/winter crops to get them ready to set out for winter harvesting — think kale, broccoli, chard and cabbage.

  • Harvest, Eat, Preserve: As your crops roll in, stay on top of harvesting even if that means you end up making sauerkraut in June or giving away lettuce to the foodbank. By doing this, you’ll make room to rotate in new crops and reduce the likelihood of inviting pests and disease and self-seeded bolting crops into the garden by leaving past-their-prime edibles in the soil.

And finally, enjoy these long days. Soon enough we’ll all be wrapped in polar fleece, snuggling near a warm fire, desperately seeking a bloom somewhere to discuss in the many posts we have time to write up during winter. For me, for now, I’m off to put out more mammoth sunflowers, zinnia, basil and late season tomatoes to enjoy into the many remaining months of summer.

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Robin’s View of Winter & Preview of Spring

Tuesday, January 27th, 2009

Today I woke up to more sprinklings of snow on the ground and flurries flying through the air. It was cold and grey and seemed like just another wintery Seattle day in January.

Robins Drinking & Bathing

Robins Drinking & Bathing

Then I caught sight of my namesake bird, the robin. Actually, a flock of them, gathering around an ice-water filled cauldron in my garden — the same cauldron that my great-grandparents used to wash clothes and cook. A flock of them was jumping through my beds scratching up layers of mulch looking for worms and grubs. And, they took turns hopping to the edge of the cauldron for a drink of fresh water, or in some cases a dip in an icy pool.

My mom always told me she named me Robin for the first bird of spring. (I was born a few days into spring, so her hope of naming me Spring didn’t quite fit. Though, I wouldn’t have minded the name at all!). Funny thing is robins really don’t seem to be the harbingers of spring, or at least not anymore. Maybe they’ve adapted or maybe they’ve really be hanging out in our gardens all winter and somehow we just didn’t notice. Granted, their red chests do turn a dull rusty-brown in winter, but to me, they remain distinctive — especially when they have a garden party feasting on fermented winter berries and then go falling down drunk from the tree branches, crashing to the soil, stunned in a drunken stupor.

Cauliflower Seed Germinating

Cauliflower Seed Germinating

So, if the robins weren’t my preview of spring, what in the world could be spring like on a snowy, icy day like today? Well, how about the first germinating seedlings in my 2009 vegetable garden? Yes, the cauliflower, kale and cabbage that I seeded just two days ago is already beginning to germinate. Yesterday, the seedling tray enjoyed bright, warm sunlight in a southfacing window. Today, the furnace continues to provide these babies with much-needed bottom heat, and there is some diffused wintery light filtering their way. It was a joy to see the seed casing breaking away, fuzzy rootlets pushing downward and just the hint of dicot leaves threatening to emerge. Spring, summer and fantastic homegrown food is not far into the future — even if it snowy and the robins are taking Polar Bear Club ice baths today.

Now if I can just keep my cat, Twinky, from trying to make the seedling trays into his own personal bed — stupid kitty keeps trying to lay on it and just slips off. I pray he doesn’t take the whole tray down on his next attempt. He has learned to hate the spray bottle. When I brought it over to mist the seedlings earlier today, he hightailed it out of sight. So, I’ve set the spray bottle next to the seedling tray as a warning. So far, today, so good. But, he’s bound to push my gardening buttons at some point soon.

Read more on the idea of robins as the first day of spring here.

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Planning a 2009 Veggie Garden…and More!

Monday, December 29th, 2008
Summer Garden Party

Summer Garden Party

December 2008 has been a rough month for Seattle gardens. Even before the first day of winter, snow and ice blanketed garden beds and temps stayed abnormally low. Now that the first round of real winter weather has passed, I find myself planning and plotting for the warm months of 2009.

Earlier today I read a disheartening article on gardenrant.com warning that what may appear to be organic isn’t necessarily so. And, it isn’t just that the organic food we pay a premium for could be the same as the non-organics. The problem is that the amendments we gardeners and farmers are buying may be tainted. So, short of building all our own fertilizers, soil, and raising our own seed, we may not ever be sure if our organic garden really is 100% so. Still, I have hope.

And I hope to translate that hope into reality this year by planning to start as much of my edible garden this year from seed as possible. It may be surprising to hear, but I often find myself picking up organic starts for many of my edibles. I go to local plant sales and reputable nurseries for them, and I grow them on in my little greenhouse until the time is right to set them out in my garden beds. Why? Well, honestly, I’m a very busy professional gardener, so my personal gardening time tends to suffer. But, this year I’m getting a jump start on things!

Over the past weekend, as I watched the last patches of snow melt away, I sat in my dining room with a notepad and seed catalog in hand. Recently, I discovered a local Washington seed supplier Irish Eyes. Irish Eyes offers a fantastic array of seed, much of which is certified organic and many are heirloom. To me, this is critical. In a world where Monsantos and others are buying up seed and claiming patents on what nature created, I seek to buy from the little guy who keeps ancient strains going and maintains seed that isn’t “Roundup-Ready”. So far my list includes several types of potato, carrots, broccoli, kale, lettuce, and beans. My pen is marking the pea and parsnip page, so my list isn’t done yet!

Greenhouse Abundance in August

Greenhouse Abundance in August

As well, I spent some time walking our garden spaces with my husband to determine the best spots for some of our garden changes for next year. Bob has a knack for building, and this year (along with all his other projects) he hopes to build a real greenhouse for us. (Last year we made due with a pvc-wire and plastic-zipper one that was a great start but doesn’t hold up — especially when I’m sick during a snowstorm and neglect to knock off the breaking snow weight. ) Bob determined that the footprint of this structure’s plans would work in our back garden. We also discussed tearing out the raised beds in our front garden to put in a second greenhouse there, but that may come in a few years and would allow us to keep a lot of food going year-round!

Red Fingerling Potato Plant

Red Fingerling Potato Plant

And, I do need to mention that we’re both very excited about putting in wooden bins for potatoes this year. In the past I’ve grown them in nursery tree tubs, which has worked pretty well. But, we’re up for a new technique that may yield much more food while looking a lot prettier than the ugly black tubs.

So, for those of you wondering what to do in the garden right now, my best advice is look and plan. Unless you have broken branches that need trimming, best to leave the garden be for now. The beds are saturated and susceptible to soil compaction if you start tramping on them. Perennials and annuals that finally gave up the ghost in this last freeze aren’t going anywhere. So I suggest spending your energy on planning for the months ahead. Get out those seed catalogs, measure beds, and dream of garden fresh tomatoes, fragrant summer phlox, and juicy blueberries. Order those seeds soon or a few months hence you may find yourself standing in line to buy spendy packs of seedlings instead of early-harvesting seed grown greens you can be proud of!

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Freezing Weather Kills All Garden Pests & Weeds!

Monday, December 22nd, 2008

Sorry to disappoint you, but freezes don’t kill all the garden insects. I lied. Still, some of the flora and fauna pests took a beating this week. And, unfortunately, others may be trying to make your home their home. Despite the freeze, critters are buggin’ out there!

Adult slugs are probably done for the season, but their eggs are laying dormant waiting for the temps to get to around 40F before they burst forth to forage for food among our snow-tortured, blackened plants. Root weevil larvae is resting quietly in dormancy, deep in the soil where it is unlikely to freeze. (And knowing those suckers, it’s unlikely that a freeze would take them out anyway.)

Abandoned Papery Hornet Nest in Winter

Abandoned Papery Hornet Nest in Winter

Bee nests, like this hornet nest, should be vacant after a deep freeze. And, the bees won’t repopulate it next year. Taking them down to explore with kids is fun — if the wind hasn’t blown them away already. Only approach them if you KNOW the weather has frozen and the nest is abandoned. And, as much as you might think of hornets as a pest, remember they have lots of beneficial purposes in the garden too. Plus, they aren’t aggressive so long as you don’t attack their homes!

And, a freeze isn’t going to do a darn thing to stop weed seeds from sprouting. Seeds can remain frozen for years and still remain viable. So, unfortunately, we’ll all be weeding next spring (or even sooner if the weather gets back to normal).

So the good news is, adult slugs and other bugs are probably dead and gone. The bad news is your garden is going to face a resurgence after things melt and we get back to our temperate Seattle winter. But, perhaps when those slug eggs hatch they’ll starve unless they decide to start snacking on emerging shot weed. Now wouldn’t that be a coup d’etat in the garden?!

And, rodent pests are particularly invasive during this weather. Likely, they’re moving into our homes, autos and garages seeking food and shelter from the storm. Make sure your house is sealed up tight. The last thing you want to deal with is rats, mice or squirrels taking up residence! Not only will the adults survive happily in your attics and crawl spaces, but so will their children, grandchildren and so on…

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Winter Solstice 2008 – The Winter Garden Speaks for Itself

Sunday, December 21st, 2008

Today is a day to let wintry images let plants speak for themselves:

Douglas Fir Buds and Needles Encased in Ice from Frozen Easterly Winds

Douglas Fir Buds and Needles Encased in Ice from Frozen Easterly Winds

Peely Bark on a Climbing Hydrangea layered with Snow

Peely Bark on a Climbing Hydrangea layered with Snow

Iced Rosebud

Iced Rosebud

Shimmering Golden Crabapples Decorate Icy Branches

Shimmering Golden Crabapples Decorate Icy Branches

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Garden Herbs for Stovetop Humidifiers

Friday, December 19th, 2008

As my friend Kim wrote elsewhere, I’m preparing for day 4 of my captivity. Between a nasty head cold, frigid temps, and frozen icy roads, I’m pretty well home bound these days. And with outdoor temps staying well below freezing as dry, cold arctic winds rage in from the north, our furnace is running nearly non-stop. Result: indoor humidity is dropping, which doesn’t help my sinuses (or skin or hair or lips or attitude) at all. And, the Christmas tree seems to dry out just a little faster when the indoor air humidity is low despite how full we keep the water reservoir.

Frosty Enjoying Frigid Temps

Frosty Enjoying Frigid Temps

I spent many of my growing-up years in a woodstove-heated farmhouse in Virginia. The heat was toasty, but we always battled dry heat. To remedy this we kept a heavy kettle filled with water on each of the stoves. The kettle produced steam that helped humidify the air. We had to be vigilant about refilling the kettle regularly, but depending on how high the stove was running, we generally only had to refill it a couple of times a day.

These days I don’t have a woodstove, but I do have a kitchen stove where I keep a small pot of water going all winter. I have tried commercial humidifiers in the past, but I’m not sold on them. To add interest and fragrance to the house, there are a few things we add to our makeshift humidifier. Spice blends add holiday aromas. Herb blends add relaxing and healing fragrances that help keep a closed up, stale house a bit more fresh. Consider trying out a blend one of the following blends in your own home. If you’re missing one of the ingredients, try the remaining ones or mix-it-up yourself. The worst thing that can happen is you dump it out and start over.

Christmas Spice Blend

  • 1 T whole cloves
  • 1 tangerine, orange or other citrus peel
  • 1-2 cinnamon sticks
  • 1 slice fresh or candied ginger

Garden Herb Blends: Even if your plants are frozen, dust off the snow and ice to take a few cuttings. They don’t need to look lovely to do the trick. Keep in mind, some herb combos like rosemary + sage may make it smell like you’re cooking dinner.

Blend 1: Astringent and calming

  • 1-2 sprigs fresh Rosemary (even if it is frozen in the garden)
  • 2-3 Tablespoons dried lavender buds (or garden stem/flower cuttings)
  • tangerine or orange peel
  • 1-2 dried lemon verbena stem

Blend 2: Calming and clarifying

  • 2-3 Tablespoons dried lavender buds (or garden stem/flower cuttings)
  • 1-2 sprigs eucaylptus
  • handful dried rose petals

Blend 3: Smells like dinner!

  • 1-2 sprigs fresh rosemary
  • 1-2 sprigs fresh sage
  • several sprigs of thyme (lemon or lime thyme is especially great!)

Add one of the above combos to a medium size sauce pan filled with water. Bring the water just to boiling and then turn down to a low simmer, or boil a little higher to release more moisture into the air faster. Add additional water as needed. Occasionally, as fragrance diminishes, strain out the spices, cuttings and fruit peels, add them to your compost and start over.

If you have a blend of your own or other ideas to add much-needed humidity to our winter homes, please share them!

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